التقاضي المناخي ودوره في تحقيق العدالة البيئية

القسم: Article

الملخص

بسبب اخلال عدد من الدول في تنفيذ التزاماتها المناخية بموجب اتفاقيه باريس، التي تهدف الى الحد من ارتفاع درجات الحرارة وتعزيز العدالة المناخية والبيئية، وعدم نصها على اليات ملزمة لتنفيذها، لجأ عدد من الافراد ومنظمات المجتمع المدني، والدول المتضررين من اثار تغير المناخ الى القضاء الوطني والدولي، لمساءلة المتسببين بحدوثه. وقد شكل التقاضي المناخي وسيلة قانونية لإلزام الحكومات والدول باتخاذ تدابير فعاله لمواجهه تغير المناخ، كما ظهر ذلك في قضية اورجيندا في هولندا، وقضية غراند سينث في فرنسا، حيث ألزمت المحاكم الحكومات بتخفيض انبعاثاتها، واعتماد إجراءات عملية للحد من الاثار المناخية. وعلى الرغم من الدول أطراف في اتفاقية باريس وتخضع لالتزاماته، الا ان الالتزامات البيئية تفرض عليها حتى لو كانت خارج نطاق الاتفاقية، استنادا الى ان الحق في بيئة سليمة يعد جزءاً اساسياً من حقوق الانسان. كما تعد الآراء الاستشارية الصادرة عن الهيئات القضائية الدولية تمثل تطوراً يعكس العدالة البيئية، وخطوه متقدمة في تحديد مسؤوليات الدول تجاه حماية البيئة. ومن ثم ساعد التقاضي المناخي على تحويل الالتزامات البيئية الطوعية الى التزامات قانونيه ملزمة، مما يساهم في تحقيق العدالة البيئية وتعزيز المساءلة المناخية، سواء على المستوى الوطني او الدولي.

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المعرفات

معرف الكائن الرقمي DOI: 10.33899/.v26i96.64917

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