Civil liability arising from air accidents in light of technological developments – a comparative study

القسم: Article

الملخص

يتناول هذا البحث المسؤولية القانونية عن الحوادث الجوية في المملكة العربية السعودية ودولة قطر، في ظل التطورات التكنولوجية الحديثة في قطاع الطيران. ويهدف إلى تحليل مدى توافق الأنظمة القانونية في البلدين مع الاتفاقيات الدولية، خاصة فيما يتعلق بالتقنيات الحديثة مثل الطائرات بدون طيار، والطائرات ذاتية القيادة، والذكاء الاصطناعي. اعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي والمقارن، وركز على التحديات القانونية المترتبة على استخدام هذه التقنيات، لا سيما في تحديد المسؤولية القانونية عند وقوع الحوادث. وقد خلص البحث إلى وجود فجوات تشريعية في كلا النظامين تتعلق بعدم وضوح المسؤولية في حالات تدخل الأنظمة الذكية، وأوصى بضرورة تطوير تشريعات حديثة تحدد المسؤولية القانونية بدقة، سواء على المشغّل أو المطوّر أو الشركة المصنعة. كما أكد على أهمية تحديث قوانين الطيران، وتنظيم الجرائم السيبرانية، وتعزيز الكفاءات القانونية المتخصصة في هذا المجال.

المراجع

  1. References
  2. First: Books:
  3. Ahmed Khaled Al-Arini, Administrative and Disciplinary Liability in Civil Aviation, Dar Al-Jami'a Al-Jadida, 2017.
  4. Khaled Mustafa Fahmy, Legal Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami'i.
  5. Sultan Salam Bayram, Civil Liability for Damage to Aircraft and Space Objects on the Earth's Surface: A Comparative Analytical Study, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2020.
  6. Abdel Razzaq Al-Sanhouri, The Intermediate in Explaining Civil Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 1997.
  7. Abdel Fattah Muhammad Al-Hanafi, Provisions on Liability for Civil Aviation Accidents, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2010.
  8. Suleiman Al-Tamawi, Disciplinary Judiciary: A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1979.
  9. Suleiman Marcus, Civil Liability in Egyptian Civil Law, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
  10. Abdullah Al-Ghamdi, Air Law and Liability for Air Accidents, Dar Al-Jamiah, 2020.
  11. Ammar Karim Al-Fatlawi, Ali Abdul-Jabbar Rahim Al-Mashhadi, Civil Liability for Complex Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Comparative Study, Daroob Al-Ma'rifa Publishing and Distribution, 1st ed., 2024.
  12. Fadia Hafez Jami', International Liability for Attacks on the Safety and Security of Civil Aviation, Arab Studies Center for Publishing and Distribution, 1st ed., 2025.
  13. Muhammad Sami Jamal Al-Din, Air Law: A Comparative Analytical Study, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2018.
  14. Muhammad Ali Al-Zarzur, The Theory of Causation in Civil Liability, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami'i, 2015.
  15. Youssef Hassan Muhammad, International Air Law and Civil Liability of Airline Companies, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 2019.
  16. Mahmoud Naguib Hosni, Explanation of the Penal Code, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiyya, 2012.
  17. Second: Academic Theses and Papers:
  18. Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Dosari, "Legal Liability of Airline Companies in Saudi Law," Master's Thesis, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, 2021.
  19. Nayef Saleh Al-Kharboush, "Compensation for Moral Damage and Its Judicial Applications," Master's Thesis, King Abdulaziz University, 1440 AH
  20. Third: Research:
  21. - Technological Developments in Aviation and Their Impact on Air Accidents - Aviation and Cybersecurity Journals.
  22. - Contractual Liability of the Air Carrier According to the Saudi Law, by Saeed bin Nasser Al-Haresen, a research paper published on the Muhamat.net website, published on January 30, 2019.
  23. - The Role of the Judiciary in Air Accident Cases - Journal of International Aviation Law, 2019.
  24. Fourth: Foreign References:
  25. - Benjamyn I. Scott & Andrea Trimarchi, Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy, Routledge, 2020.
  26. - Elmar Giemulla & Ludwig Weber, International and EU Aviation Law: Selected Issues, Kluwer Law International, 2011, pp. 89-92.
  27. - European Parliament. (2020). Civil liability regime for artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu
  28. - ICAO. (2014). Manual on Cybersecurity (Doc 9985). International Civil Aviation Organization.
  29. - Montreal Convention, 1999.
  30. - OECD. The Role of AI in Aviation Safety: Policy Considerations. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2021).
  31. - Starck, B., Roland, R., & Boyer, L. (1972). Obligations: Régime général. Paris: Litec
  32. Fifth: Laws and Agreements:
  33. Rome Convention of 1952.
  34. Chicago Convention of 1944 – International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
  35. Tokyo Convention of 1963.
  36. Montreal Convention of 1999 – International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
  37. Montreal Convention of 1999.
  38. Qatar Civil Aviation Law of 2002.
  39. Regulations for the Protection of Passenger Rights in Saudi Arabia - General Authority of Civil Aviation.
  40. Saudi Civil Aviation Law of 1426 AH.
  41. Implementing Regulations for the Civil Aviation Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  42. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (2023). Aviation Safety Reports.
  43. Sixth: Websites:
  44. https://al-sharq.com/article/22/07/2022/8-
  45. www.icao.int
  46. www.caa.gov.qa
  47. https://www.qatarairways.com/ar/legal/eu-air-passenger-rights.htm
  48. https://www.gaca.gov.sa/rights_obligations
  49. Seventh: Judicial Rulings:
  50. Judicial Rulings in Saudi Arabia and Qatar in Air Accident Cases - Air Judiciary Magazine, 2021.
  51. Ministry of Justice, Commercial Court, Case No. 4530271254.

المعرفات

معرف الكائن الرقمي DOI: 10.33899/alaw.v26i95.63579

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