Legal security of the unity of the criminal text

Section: Article

Abstract

Legal security constitutes a fundamental pillar of the principle of criminal legality, as it ensures the protection of individual rights and freedoms, The essence of legality is not limited to the enactment of criminal rules by the legislature, representing the will of the people but also requires that those subject to these rules have sufficient awareness of their content at the time of application, and that no penalties be imposed unless prescribed by law, Thus, legal security is an essential component of the coherence of criminal legislation, making it a cornerstone for achieving criminal justice and a safeguard for fairness and equity. Accordingly, legislators must take into account the requirements of legal security when drafting criminal provisions, as the fulfillment of these requirements enhances legal stability, guarantees the clarity, precision, and specificity of legal texts, and enables those subject to them to comprehend and understand them clearly.

References

  1. First: Language Books:
  2. 1. Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Makram Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, Vol. 3, (Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1981).
  3. 2. Sheikh Imam Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abd al-Qadir Al-Razi, Mukhtar Al-Sihah, (Library of Lebanon, Beirut, 1986).
  4. Second: Legal Books:
  5. 1- Dr. Ahmed Fathi Sorour, The Constitutional Protection of Rights and Freedoms, 2nd ed., (Dar Al-Shorouk, Cairo, 2000).
  6. 2- Dr. Ahmed Fathi Sorour, Constitutional Criminal Law, 2nd ed., (Dar Al-Shorouk, Cairo, 2002).
  7. 3- Dr. Hassan Kheir, Introduction to Law: The General Theory of the Legal Rule and the General Theory of Rights, Part One, (Manshat Al-Maaref, Alexandria, Egypt, 2014).
  8. 4- Dr. Haidar Adham Abdulhadi, Principles of Legal Drafting, 1st ed., (Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2009).
  9. 5- Dr. Rafid Khalaf Hashim and Dr. Othman Salman Gailan Al-Obaidi, Legislation: Between Crafting and Drafting, 1st ed., (Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Baghdad, 2012).
  10. 6- Dr. Suleiman Abdul Moneim, Criminology and Penology, 1st ed., (Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut, Lebanon, 2005).
  11. 7- Dr. Samir Abdelsayed Tanagho, The General Theory of Law, (Manshat Al-Maaref, Alexandria, Egypt, 1974).
  12. 8- Dr. Sherif Sayed Kamel, Commentary on the New French Penal Code, 1st ed., (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, Cairo, 1998).
  13. 9- Diaa Abdullah Aboud Al-Asadi, The Right to Bodily Integrity of the Accused, 1st ed., (Zain Legal Publications, Beirut, 2009).
  14. 10- Dr. Abdulqader Al-Sheikhli, The Art of Legal Drafting: Legislation, Jurisprudence, and Judiciary, 1st ed., (Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 1995).
  15. 11- Dr. Abdulnasser Tawfiq Al-Attar, Introduction to the Study of Law and Application of Islamic Sharia, 2nd ed., (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, Cairo, 1979).
  16. 12- Dr. Ali Abdulqader Al-Qahwaji, Explanation of the Penal Code: General Part, (Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut, 2002).
  17. 13- Dr. Aliwa Mustafa Fath Al-Bab, The Intermediate Text on Enacting, Drafting, and Interpreting Legislations: Book Two - Drafting and Interpretation of Legislations, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Qanuniya, Cairo, 2012).
  18. 14- Dr. Aliwa Mustafa Fath Al-Bab, Legislative Drafting: A Comparative Study Between Egypt and the UAE, 2nd ed., (Dar Al-Qadha Publications, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2017).
  19. 15- Judge Awad Hussein Yassin Al-Obaidi, The Impact of Linguistic Variation on Legislative Drafting, (Journal of Legislation and Judiciary, Issue 2, Volume 5, 2013).
  20. 16- Dr. Fahema Ahmed Ali Al-Qamari, Fundamentals of Legal Drafting, (Dar Al-Kutub wa Al-Dirasat Al-Arabiyya, Alexandria, 2019).
  21. 17- Dr. Mohammed Abu Al-Ala Aqida, Modern Trends in the New French Penal Code, (Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Alexandria, 1997).
  22. 18- Dr. Mohammed Al-Jammal, Renewing the General Theory of Law, Volume One, (Al-Fath Printing and Publishing, Alexandria, 2002).
  23. 19- Dr. Mohammed Al-Fateh Ismail and Dr. Ahmed Ismail Omar, Principles of Legal Drafting and Expression, 1st ed., (International Publishing and Distribution House, Cairo, 2017).
  24. 20- Dr. Mustafa Ibrahim Al-Zalmi, The Philosophy of Law and Legal Logic in Conceptions, 1st ed., (Ihsan Publishing and Distribution, Iraq, Erbil, 2014).
  25. 21- Dr. Mithaq Ghazi Faisal Abdul Douri, Criminal Legal Security: An Analytical Comparative Study, 1st ed., (Arab Center for Studies and Scientific Research Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, Egypt, 2023).
  26. 22- Dr. Walid Mohammed Al-Shanawi, Legitimate Expectations and Administrative Promises, (Journal of Spirit of Laws, Faculty of Law, Tanta University, Issue 51, April, Egypt, 2012).
  27. Third: University theses and dissertations:
  28. 1- Hussein Yassin Taher, The Principle of Equality in Criminal Law, (Ph.D. Dissertation, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2017).
  29. 2- Hassan Mohammed Suleiman, The Principle of Proportionality Between Crime and Punishment: A Fundamental Analytical Comparative Study, (Master’s Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Graduate Studies, Department of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia, 2010).
  30. Fourth: Research Papers and Articles:
  31. 1- Dr. Tamim Taher Ahmed Al-Jader & Saif Saleh Mahdi Al-Aqili, Necessity and Proportionality in Criminal Law, published in (International Politics Journal, Al-Mustansiriya University, Issue 24, Baghdad, 2014)
  32. 2- Dr. Khalid Jamal Ahmed, Principles of Legislative Drafting, a published research paper in (The Legal Journal issued by the Legislation and Legal Opinion Authority in collaboration with the University of Bahrain, Issue 4, 2015).
  33. 3- Dr. Rifaat Eid El-Sayed, The Principle of Legal Security: An Analytical Study in Light of Administrative and Constitutional Judiciary Rulings, (Arab Universities Union Journal for Legal Studies and Research, Issue 34, Egypt, 2013).
  34. 4- Dr. Saeed bin Ali bin Hassan Al-Maamari, Dr. Radwan Ahmed Al-Haf, The Principle of Legal Security and the Fundamentals of Legislative Quality, a published research paper in (The Legal and Economic Research Journal issued by the Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, Issue 79, Volume 12, Egypt, 2022).
  35. 5- Dr. Salam Abdul Zahra, Amina Faris Hamed, General Standards for Legislative Drafting, a published research paper in (Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli Journal for Legal and Political Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Babylon, Issue 4, Year 9, 2017).
  36. 6- Adel Ali Al-Manea, Criminal Legal Security: Its Concept and Foundations, a published research paper in Security and Life Journal, (Naif Academy for Security Sciences, Issue 248, Volume 22, Saudi Arabia, 2003).
  37. 7- Dr. Abdel Fattah Mustafa Al-Saifi, Conformity in the Field of Criminalization: A Jurisprudential Attempt to Establish a General Theory of Conformity, a published research paper in (Faculty of Law Journal for Legal and Economic Research, Alexandria University, Issue 13, 1968).
  38. 8- Dr. Omar Abdel Hafiz Shanan, Legal Drafting and Legislative Art as a Methodology in Legal Science, a published research paper in (Legal Research Journal, Faculty of Law, Al-Tahadi University, Issue 14, Sudan, 2006).
  39. 9- Dr. Ghazi Faisal Mahdi, Legislative Drafting Guide, (Al-Huqooq Journal, Faculty of Law, Al-Mustansiriya University, Year 7, Issue 18, Volume 4, Baghdad, 2012).
  40. 10- Dr. Mohammed Shalal Habib, Precautionary Measures, 1st Edition, (Arab Printing House, Baghdad, 1976).
  41. 11- Dr. Mohammed Abbas Al-Zubaidi, The Role of Flexible Drafting of Criminal Provisions in Addressing the Crisis of Criminal Legitimacy, a published research paper in (Rafidain Law Journal, Faculty of Law, University of Mosul, Link, Issue 70, Volume 20, Year 22, 2020).
  42. 12- Dr. Mohammed Hassan Kazem, Considerations of Legal Security in Criminal Law: An Analytical Study, a published research paper in (Anbar University Journal for Legal and Political Sciences, Issue 1, Volume 13, March 2023).
  43. 13- Dr. Mohammed Imran Boulifa, Dr. Ali Filali, Access to the Law, a research paper presented at the Conference on Access to the Law, published in (Faculty of Law and Political Science Journal, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria, Special Issue for the Conference, February 16-17, 2014).
  44. 14- Dr. Mohammed Mohammed Abdel Latif, The Principle of Legal Security, a published research paper in (The Legal and Economic Research Journal issued by the Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, Issue 56, Volume 1, Egypt, 2004).
  45. 15- Dr. Yousri Mohammed Al-Assar, The Constitutional Protection of Legal Security in the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, (Journal of Constitutional Studies, Issue 3, July, 2003).
  46. Fifth: Laws
  47. 1- The Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 (as amended).
  48. Sixth: Foreign Sources
  49. 1- B. Bouloc, R. Caro, R. Hastings, Ph. Robert, F. Schir, and J. Borricand, Current Issues in Criminal Science, Vol. VI, Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 1993.
  50. 2- Chirag Balyan and Garima Pal (Eds.), Criminalization: Volume 1 – Politics and Policies, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2024.
  51. 3- Jadwiga Potrzeszcz, The Concept and Meaning of Legal Security in Criminal Law, TEKA Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie, Vol. XI, 2018.
  52. 4- M. Kdhir, Towards the End of Legal Security in French Law, Revue Administrative, 1993.
  53. 5- P. Demchuk, Legality and Legal Certainty in Criminal Law: Issues of Differentiation, Visnyk of Lviv University, Series Law, Ukraine, 2020.
  54. 6- Thomas Piazzon, Legal Certainty, Doctoral Thesis, Défrions, Doctorate and Notary Collection, Vol. 35, 2009
  55. 7- Roi Mbuli Philippe and Soulas de Russel Dominique, Nature and Roots of the Principle of Legal Security, Decision No. 2000-435, December 7, 2000, cited by Olivier D. in Homathe.

Identifiers

Statistics

Copyright and Licensing